Japanese regular (banks) ATMs accepts exclusively Japanese cards (and not any visa/ MC). Their debit cards are bank issued (and not MC/Visa/JCB branded).
Visa, MC,JCB and Amex are exclusively credit and can’t be used for withdrawals. That’s why, ATMs machines don’t accept visa/ MC
Use international ATMs which you can find in 7-11, Familymart, AEON malls, JapanPost (JP Bank)
Welcome to japan, country which likes to make every easy task a complicated one.